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OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for strengthening the construction of retail pharmacy pharmacists and ensure safe and rational use of drugs. METHODS： A simple random sampling method was used to determine 18 cities （counties） in Guizhou province as survey sites to visits all retail drugstores one by one. According to the Pharmacist Pharmaceutical Care Competency Evaluation Standard（Trail） issued by the Chinese Pharmacists Association， questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted with licensed pharmacists in Guizhou province’s retail pharmacies， and multiple linear regressions were conducted on the factors affecting the pharmacy’s pharmaceutical care competency. RESULTS： A total of 943 retail pharmacies in Guizhou province were visited， and 270 licensed pharmacists were investigated. The total self-assessment score of pharmaceutical care competence was （79.62±11.23）， with 11.5％ of undergraduate education and above， and 53.0％ of pharmacy related majors. Among self-assessment score of pharmaceutical care competency， score of basic knowledge item such as foreign language knowledge， statistical knowledge and computer knowledge was the lowest， followed by clinical thinking ability and drug treatment evaluation ability. The results of multiple linear regression showed that age had significant influence on the scores of basic skills and professional knowledge. The influence of academic qualifications on personal accomplishment， basic knowledge， basic skills， professional knowledge and professional skills score was statistically significant； the influence of professional and technical positions on total score， personal accomplishment， basic skills and professional skills score was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The overall educational level of licensed pharmacists in Guizhou retail pharmacies is low and their professional level is limited. It is suggested that the supervision of licensed pharmacists should be strengthened and the access conditions of licensed pharmacists should be improved； the education and training of professional competency of licensed pharmacists in pharmaceutical care should be strengthened， the functional orientation of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies should be clarified， and public safety and rational drug use should be effectively guaranteed.
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Objective To understand the prevalence and distribution of hypertension in population aged 15 years and over in Guizhou province and provide evidence for the prevention and management of hypertension.Methods Face to face interviews using national standard questionnaire were conducted among the study subjects selected in Guizhou through multi-stage random sampling.Blood pressure measurement for them was done with Omron HEM-1300 professional portable blood pressure monitor.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The ratio was compared by the x2 test.The influencing factors of hypertension was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 13 480 participants were investigated,including 5 509 (40.8％) men and 7 971 (59.2％) women;6 558 (48.6％) urban residents and 6 922 (51.4％) rural residents.Among the subjects surveyed,3 232 (23.9％) were smokers,2 412 (17.9％) were alcoholic and 4 859 (36.0％) were obese or overweight.A total of 3 937 (29.2％) hypertension patients were found.The prevalence of hypertension was 29.2％.The standardized prevalence of hypertension were 18.97％ (compared with national population composition) and 21.16％ (compared with Guizhou province population composition),respectively.The hypertension prevalence in men and women were 29.8％ and 28.8％,respectively.The hypertension prevalence in rural population (35.8％) was higher than that in urban population (22.2％).The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001).The hypertension prevalence in people aged 65 years and over was 56.2％.The prevalence of hypertension were 34.3％ and 27.6％ in smokers and non-smokers,39.2％ and 27.0％ in alcoholic and non-alcoholic and 40.7％ and 22.7％ in obese or overweight group and normal or less weight group,respectively.There were significant statistical differences in prevalence of hypertension among the population in urban area and rural area,with different age,education levels,smoking status,drinking status and BMI (P＜0.001).Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in Guizhou was at a high level.The hypertension prevalence in rural area was higher than that in urban area.Hypertension prevalence increased significantly with age.The prevalence of hypertension was negatively associated with the education level of the people.Older age,living in rural area,smoking,drinking,obesity were the risk factors for hypertension.
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Objective To understand the prevalence and distribution of hypertension in population aged 15 years and over in Guizhou province and provide evidence for the prevention and management of hypertension.Methods Face to face interviews using national standard questionnaire were conducted among the study subjects selected in Guizhou through multi-stage random sampling.Blood pressure measurement for them was done with Omron HEM-1300 professional portable blood pressure monitor.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The ratio was compared by the x2 test.The influencing factors of hypertension was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 13 480 participants were investigated,including 5 509 (40.8％) men and 7 971 (59.2％) women;6 558 (48.6％) urban residents and 6 922 (51.4％) rural residents.Among the subjects surveyed,3 232 (23.9％) were smokers,2 412 (17.9％) were alcoholic and 4 859 (36.0％) were obese or overweight.A total of 3 937 (29.2％) hypertension patients were found.The prevalence of hypertension was 29.2％.The standardized prevalence of hypertension were 18.97％ (compared with national population composition) and 21.16％ (compared with Guizhou province population composition),respectively.The hypertension prevalence in men and women were 29.8％ and 28.8％,respectively.The hypertension prevalence in rural population (35.8％) was higher than that in urban population (22.2％).The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001).The hypertension prevalence in people aged 65 years and over was 56.2％.The prevalence of hypertension were 34.3％ and 27.6％ in smokers and non-smokers,39.2％ and 27.0％ in alcoholic and non-alcoholic and 40.7％ and 22.7％ in obese or overweight group and normal or less weight group,respectively.There were significant statistical differences in prevalence of hypertension among the population in urban area and rural area,with different age,education levels,smoking status,drinking status and BMI (P＜0.001).Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in Guizhou was at a high level.The hypertension prevalence in rural area was higher than that in urban area.Hypertension prevalence increased significantly with age.The prevalence of hypertension was negatively associated with the education level of the people.Older age,living in rural area,smoking,drinking,obesity were the risk factors for hypertension.
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Objective To analyze risk factors and complication characteristics of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in patients with lung cancer,and provide evidence for the formulation of HAI management strategy. Methods HAI-related articles were retrieved from China Biology Medicine (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang database,Vip database,PubMed,and Embase,all data were conducted Meta-analysis.Results A total of 19 articles involving 8 069 hospitalized patients with lung cancer (1 280 had HAI)were included.Meta-analysis on combined values of medical factors for HAI were as follows:OR(95%CI )of anti-tumor therapy(radiotherapy and chemotherapy),number of chemotherapy (≥ 2 times ),antimicrobial prophylaxis, immunosuppressant therapy,and invasive operation were 3.13 (1 .82,5.39),9.20 (3.04,27.87),3.23 (1 .77, 5.91),2.00(1 .56,2.57),and 2.28(1 .81 ,2.88),respectively;Meta-analysis on combined values of complication factors for HAI were as follows:OR (95% CI )of pulmonary diseases,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),diabetes,renal dysfunction,malnutrition,hypoalbuminemia,neutropenia,and leukopenia were 2.65 (1 .74,4.02),2.40 (1 .76,3.27),2.25 (1 .85,2.73 ),2.56 (1 .18,5.52),5.51 (1 .70,17.89),2.05 (1 .56, 2.70),3.38(1 .40,8.18),and 2.10 (1 .22,3.62),respectively.Conclusion HAI-related factors of medical treat-ment and complications in patients with lung cancer are diversity,risk factors for HAI in patients with lung cancer are anti-tumor therapy,immunosuppressant therapy,antimicrobial prophylaxis,invasive operation,pulmonary dis-eases,COPD,diabetes,renal dysfunction,malnutrition,hypoalbuminemia,neutropenia,and leucopenia.
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Objective To provide the evidences for the management strategies of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates,we systematically reviewed all related studies and analyzed the high-risk primary disease and medical factors of VAP in neonates.Methods We retrieved all related studies in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,Pubmed and Embase and evaluated their quality by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and analyzed all data by qualitative and Meta-analysis.Results There were 12 case-control studies with higher methodological quality and involving 1 994 neonates and with 708 VAP patients.Six studies involving 872 neonates were included,the odds ratio of respiratory distress syndrome(OR=2.81) and malnutrition(OR=5.18) had significant differences between VAP and non-VAP group.Seven studies involving 1 110 neonates were included and the odds ratio of patients with corticosteroids (OR=3.12),central inhibitors (OR=2.31),antacids (OR=4.35) and Gamma globulin with large doses (OR=2.35) had significant differences between VAP group and non VAP.Four studies involving 554 neonates were included and the odds ratio of patients with closed chest drainage (OR=1.81)and umbilical vein catheterization (OR=9.19) had significant differences between VAP group and non VAP.Six studies involving 1 139 neonates were included and the odds ratio of patients with parenteral nutrition (OR=1.82)and blood transfusions (OR=2.49) had significant differences between VAP group and non VAP.Conclusions Our study confirms that the respiratory distress syndrome and malnutrition corticosteroids,central inhibitors,antacids,Gamma globulin with large doses,closed chest drainage,umbilical vein catheterization,parenteral nutrition and blood transfusions are important risk and early-warning factors.